1882年通过的排华法被废除了，然而美国每年只允许105中国移民进入美国。 这105人的配额是根据什么算出来的？1924年美国制定了移民法。由于美国认定中国人是低劣种族，不配成为美国公民，所以根据1890年美国境内亚洲人口的数量制定了亚洲移民配额。而1890年时美国排华运动已经进行了十多年，口号是“不给华人立锥之地“，所以美国华人人口急剧下降。这105人是根据《排华法》之后的美国华人人数决定的。
美华史记|废除排华法后，那105个中国人。。。 Read More »
美国妇女“反对任何其他外国入侵”，“几乎所有的中国人都是共产党，中国人来这里是为了毁掉这个国家，外国人是最大的危险，他们在我们本届政府的所有重要职位上都设置了敌人……华人是黄种人，白种人必须与黄种人战斗，如果这个国家 满是黄种人，我必须知道”
–Agnes Waters, 1943年国会听证会发言
“从道德上来说，中国人是地球上最低劣的人口”
–John B. Trevor 1943年国会听证会发言
美华史记|1943年他们亲赴国会作证阻拦废除排华法 Read More »
This article presents several historical cases from 1875 to 1905. Looking back, it was politicians who first rode the rising anti-Chinese waves to pass a series of Chinese exclusion laws. The Government formulated and implemented a series of regulations, gradually eroding the legitimate rights of the Chinese immigrants. The judiciary, represented by the Supreme Court, insisted on defending the Constitution and upholding justice before and in the early days after the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, and later concede in the facing more systematic Chinese exclusion laws. The voices of justice were drowned out, and the Chinese lost their last support. Although there were still kind and fair American people everywhere who cared for Chinese individuals and offered assistance in many ways, the Chinese immigrant community entered unprecedented difficult years.
Six U.S. Supreme Court Cases Pre- and Post the Chinese Exclusion Act Read More »
这篇文章介绍1875 -1905 年的几个重要历史案件：1875 年的22名中国妇女案 (Chy Lung v Freeman)，1875年以后有关移民的条约与法案，1884年的周享案(Chew Heong v U.S.)，1889年迟成平案(Chae Chan Ping v U.S.)，1893年方跃庭案 (Fong Yue Ting v U.S.)，1895年林满胜案(Lem Moon Sing v U.S.)，1905 年蔡裕案(United States v Ju Toy)。
回首看去，在三权分立的美国，政客们首先趁高涨的排华浪潮通过了一系列排华法案，政府随之制定和实施了一系列规定，步步压制侵蚀华人的正当权利。以最高法院为代表的司法界在1882年排华法案通过前以及通过后的早期曾经坚持捍卫宪法主持正义，以后面对更多系统排华法规节节后退。正义的声音被淹没，华人失去最后的支持。虽然各地仍有善良公正的美国人民给予华人个体多方面照顾和帮助，就社区整体而言华人进入了前所未有的艰难岁月。
美华史记 | 排华法案前后美国最高法院审理的六个华人案件 Read More »
在加州大规模的排华浪潮中，1872年6月，5位华人，三男两女，离开气侯四季宜人的旧金山，乘着大蓬车，冒着酷暑，风尘仆仆、一路劳顿，来到常年炎热干燥，居民才一千多人的亚利桑那领地内陆城市凤凰城，开始他们新的生涯。他们是抵达凤凰城的第一批华人，开了凤凰城第一家华人洗衣店。
美华史记 | 凤凰城第一家华人洗衣店 Read More »
The so-called “Chinese problem” was a very controversial topic in San Jose society in the mid-19th century. The church burned down because a pastor organized Sunday schools for Chinese children. A German-immigrated landlord was verbally abused and physically threatened for signing contracts with Chinese businessmen. On February 4, 1886, the California Anti-Chinese Annual Conference, led by the former mayor of St. Jose, was held in St. Jose with the theme, “Chinese must get out!” “, what the hell is going on here?
所谓的“中国人问题”是19世纪中期圣荷西社会中一个很有争议的话题。因为一位牧师为中国儿童组织了星期日主日学习班，该教堂被烧毁。 一位德裔地主因与中国商人签订合同而受到辱骂和威胁。 1886年2月4日，由前圣何西市长参与领导的加州反华年会在圣何西举行，主题就是，“中国人必须滚蛋！”，这究竟是怎么回事？
美华史记 | 历尽沧桑的圣荷西唐人街 Read More »
The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first and only law in US, implemented to prevent a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the United States. It was signed on May 6, 1882 and repealed on December 17, 1943. The declining economy and high unemployment were politicized for the anti-Chinese movement by Denis Kearney, a labor leader who was himself an immigrant from Ireland. When the Sand Lot rally erupted in San Francisco in 1877, Kearney helped found the Workingmen’s Party of California with a sledgehammer four-word slogan: “The Chinese must go!” Kearney’s attacks against the Chinese for working for cheaper wages were supported by many white Californians. The Workingmen’s Party won almost every elective seat in San Francisco and successfully promoted anti-Chinese sentiment. By 1882 the federal government was finally convinced to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act, banning all Chinese immigrant laborers. The Workingmen’s Party of California was gone after the passage of The Chinese Exclusion Act.
World War II closely linked China and the United States together in the international anti-fascist alliance, during which China was portrayed as a friend and ally by the public media in the United States. Many Chinese Americans actively participated in the anti-Japanese propaganda and war. Not only did they survive the harsh domestic political environment of the exclusion period, but their “popular” role in the war also won them respect and sympathy.
Historical Record of Chinese Americans |The Sixth Decade of the Chinese Exclusion Act Read More »
Paper son: one man’s story is a memoir by Tung Pok Chin. In this book the author casts light on the largely hidden experience of those Chinese who immigrated to America with false documents during the Exclusion Act era. Also, the author’s personal story under the shadow of McCarthyism may resonate with those who have been caught in the middle.